万永奇, 谢 维*
（东南大学遗传学研究中心，教育部发育与疾病相关基因重点实验室，南京210009）

摘　要：黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)是生物学研究中最重要的模式生物之一，它在遗传的染色体理论建立中起到非常重要的作用。由于果蝇自身独特的优势，20 世纪70 年代以来，它又在发育生物学、神经科学、人类疾病研究等领域得到广泛应用，作出许多新的重要贡献。果蝇在神经退行性疾病研究中是非常有用的模型。可以预期，随着研究手段的丰富及科学的发展，果蝇将作为一种理想的模式生物在生物医学中发挥更大的作用。

关键词：模式生物; 果蝇; 基因组; 基因功能; 疾病模型

Drosophila: an important model organism for understanding basic biological and human disease mechanisms

WAN Yong-Qi, XIE Wei*
(Genetics Research Center, Southeast University, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease,
Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China)

Abstract: As one of the most classical model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster has been instrumental for the establishment of the chromosome theory of genetics. After 1970s, investigators take the unique advantages of Drosophila to make many new finds in developmental biology, neuroscience and human disease research. Drosophila is a very powerful model for neurodegenerative diseases. It may be anticipated that Drosophila will continue to be an ideal model organism and help us to understand the basic biological and human disease mechanisms greatly in the future.

Key words: model organism; Drosophila melanogaster; genome; function of gene; model for disease

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