成功将睾丸细胞转换为类胚胎干细胞(gPS)
雄性动物的睾丸具有很强的细胞再生能力,男人即使在七老八十还能持续产生精液,只要有条件就能继续生育后代。因此,研究人员猜测睾丸细胞中含有具备类似胚胎干细胞的特性、能构成人体器官和组织的200多种类型的细胞。国际上许多研究小组确实从人体和实验鼠生殖腺中找到了一些证据:2004年初日本的一个研究小组发现,新生鼠睾丸中的特定细胞具有类似胚胎干细胞的特性,可培育多种器官组织;2006年德国哥廷根大学的研究人员发现,这种睾丸细胞的转换能力在成年雄性动物中也存在。
睾丸细胞转换成干细胞的能力已经可以肯定,但如何通过人工方法使睾丸细胞变成类似的胚胎细胞还存在相当的技术难度,德国明斯特马普分子医学研究所正是在这一点上取得了突破。该所研究人员Kinarm Ko博士及其同事首先从成年鼠的睾丸细胞中培植出了一种所谓的胚腺体干细胞(英文简称为GSGs),在自然环境下,这种细胞一直可以产生新的精液。一个成年鼠的睾丸细胞中每次可以培植出2个至3个这样的细胞,然后提取单个细胞进行隔离和繁殖。细胞培植的过程通常要几周。
马普分子医学研究所的这项成果在于用简单的方法,可以成功地从睾丸细胞中获取类似的胚胎干细胞,而不必在细胞转换过程中借助基因、病毒或修正蛋白。进一步的试验显示,这种从睾丸细胞中获取的干细胞同样可以培植各种器官和肌体组织细胞。
推荐原始出处:
Cell Stem Cell, Volume 5, doi:10.1016/j.stem.2009.05.025
Induction of Pluripotency in Adult Unipotent Germline Stem Cells
Kinarm Ko1,Natalia Tapia1,Guangming Wu1,Jeong Beom Kim1,Marcos J. Araúzo Bravo1,Philipp Sasse2,Tamara Glaser3,David Ruau4,5,Dong Wook Han1,Boris Greber1,Kirsten Hausd?rfer3,Vittorio Sebastiano1,Martin Stehling1,Bernd K. Fleischmann2,Oliver Brüstle3,Martin Zenke4,5andHans R. Sch?ler1,,
1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster 48149, Germany
2 Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
3 Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, 53105 Bonn, Germany
4 Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen 52074, Germany
5 Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
Mouse and human stem cells with features similar to those of embryonic stem cells have been derived from testicular cells. Although pluripotent stem cells have been obtained from defined germline stem cells (GSCs) of mouse neonatal testis, only multipotent stem cells have been obtained so far from defined cells of mouse adult testis. In this study we describe a robust and reproducible protocol for obtaining germline-derived pluripotent stem (gPS) cells from adult unipotent GSCs. Pluripotency of gPS cells was confirmed by invitro and invivo differentiation, including germ cell contribution and transmission. As determined by clonal analyses, gPS cells indeed originate from unipotent GSCs. We propose that the conversion process requires a GSC culture microenvironment that depends on the initial number of plated GSCs and the length of culture time.
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