黑猩猩看到"打哈欠"图片也会受传染
哈欠是如此具有传染性,黑猩猩甚至因为看了打哈欠的漫画(如上图)而受到“传染”。
研究人员试图搞清,动物是否也会像人类一样模仿自己。因而他们播放了用计算机模拟的黑猩猩打哈欠的图片,旨在了解动物是否也会模仿这些行为。之前的研究曾表明,打哈欠在黑猩猩中是能够“传染”的,这一点与人类一样。这次他们发现,在黑猩猩中,与兴奋得大叫的录像及小黑猩猩露齿大笑的照片相比,打哈欠的漫画引发的模仿是前两者的3倍。研究人员日前在英国《皇家学会学报B》(Proceedings of the Royal Society B)上报告了这一发现。
原始出处:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B September 9, 2009, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1087
Computer animations stimulate contagious yawning in chimpanzees
Matthew W. Campbell*, J. Devyn Carter, Darby Proctor, Michelle L. Eisenberg and Frans B. M. de Waal
Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 2409 Taylor Lane, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
People empathize with fictional displays of behaviour, including those of cartoons and computer animations, even though the stimuli are obviously artificial. However, the extent to which other animals also may respond empathetically to animations has yet to be determined. Animations provide a potentially useful tool for exploring non-human behaviour, cognition and empathy because computer-generated stimuli offer complete control over variables and the ability to program stimuli that could not be captured on video. Establishing computer animations as a viable tool requires that non-human subjects identify with and respond to animations in a way similar to the way they do to images of actual conspecifics. Contagious yawning has been linked to empathy and poses a good test of involuntary identification and motor mimicry. We presented 24 chimpanzees with three-dimensional computer-animated chimpanzees yawning or displaying control mouth movements. The apes yawned significantly more in response to the yawn animations than to the controls, implying identification with the animations. These results support the phenomenon of contagious yawning in chimpanzees and suggest an empathic response to animations. Understanding how chimpanzees connect with animations, to both empathize and imitate, may help us to understand how humans do the same.
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