瑞士伯尔尼大学Laurent Excoffier，德国美因茨约翰内斯古登堡大学Joachim Burger和瑞士生物信息学研究所Daniel Wegmann共同合作，近期取得重要进展。他们研究发现了世界上第一批农民的基因起源。相关论文2022年5月12日在线发表于《细胞》杂志上。

据介绍，欧洲和西南亚第一批新石器时代农业人口的确切遗传起源，以及它们分化的过程和时间，在很大程度上仍然未知。高质量古基因组的人口基因组学模型显示，安纳托利亚和欧洲的早期农民是在最后一个冰川期后，由一个西南亚种群和一个有强烈瓶颈的西部狩猎采集者种群的多阶段混合而出现的。

此外，欧洲和安纳托利亚的第一批农民的祖先在向西扩张的过程中经历了一段极端的遗传漂变时期，对他们的遗传独特性做出了很大贡献。 该模型阐明了新石器时代转型根源的人口过程，并导致对晚更新世和全新世早期西南亚和欧洲人口历史的空间解释。

附：英文原文

Title: The genomic origins of the world’s first farmers

Author: Nina Marchi, Laura Winkelbach, Ilektra Schulz, Maxime Brami, Zuzana Hofmanová, Jens Blcher, Carlos S. Reyna-Blanco, Yoan Diekmann, Alexandre Thiéry, Adamandia Kapopoulou, Vivian Link, Valérie Piuz, Susanne Kreutzer, Sylwia M. Figarska, Elissavet Ganiatsou, Albert Pukaj, Travis J. Struck, Ryan N. Gutenkunst, Necmi Karul, Fokke Gerritsen, Joachim Pechtl, Joris Peters, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Eva Lenneis, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Sevasti Triantaphyllou, Sofija Stefanovi, Christina Papageorgopoulou, Daniel Wegmann, Joachim Burger, Laurent Excoffier

Issue&Volume: 2022-05-12

Abstract: The precise genetic origins of the first Neolithic farming populations in Europe and Southwest Asia, as well as the processes and the timing of their differentiation, remain largely unknown. Demogenomic modeling of high-quality ancient genomes reveals that the early farmers of Anatolia and Europe emerged from a multiphase mixing of a Southwest Asian population with a strongly bottlenecked western hunter-gatherer population after the last glacial maximum. Moreover, the ancestors of the first farmers of Europe and Anatolia went through a period of extreme genetic drift during their westward range expansion, contributing highly to their genetic distinctiveness. This modeling elucidates the demographic processes at the root of the Neolithic transition and leads to a spatial interpretation of the population history of Southwest Asia and Europe during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.008

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00455-X