近日,山东大学微生物技术国家重点实验室、山东大学海洋生物技术研究中心张玉忠教授课题组在深海微生物学研究领域取得了重要进展,其研究成果分别于2008年12月26日、2009年1月30日发表在国际知名杂志《生物化学杂志》(Journal of Biological Chemistry,JBC (2008, 283 (52): 36100))、《生物化学杂志》(Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2009, JBC published January 30, 2009 as doi:10.1074/jbc.M808421200);2009年2月5日在线发表在微生物学知名杂志《应用与环境微生物学》(Applied and Environmental Microbiology )。
深海中的高分子量有机氮(HMWON)都是难被化学水解和生物降解的氨基化合物(amides),即蛋白质以颗粒有机氮(PON)和溶解有机氮 (DON)的形式存在。因此,深海沉积物中PON和DON的降解对沉积物中有机氮的循环非常关键。但至今,深海沉积物中PON和DON的降解机制未被阐明。张玉忠教授课题组的陈秀兰、赵国琰等人从深海适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913发现了一种新的S8家族多结构域丝氨酸蛋白酶,将其命名为Deseasin MCP-01(Microbiology-SGM,2007, 153: 2116)。进一步研究发现Deseasin MCP-01对非水溶性的胶原蛋白具有很好的降解作用,其C-端的PKD结构域对胶原蛋白具有吸附作用,其中36位的色氨酸是其结合胶原蛋白过程中起关键作用的氨基酸,PKD的结合可显著提高催化结构域对胶原蛋白的降解效率 (JBC, 2008, 283 (52): 36100)。他们还发现,菌株Myroides profundi D25能够分泌一种M12家族的新型金属蛋白酶,将其命名为Myroilysin。该酶能够高效降解弹性蛋白,但仅具有微弱的胶原蛋白酶活性,然而Myroilysin却对胶原蛋白具有显著的膨胀作用,提高其它胶原蛋白酶对胶原蛋白的降解效率(Appl. Environ. Microb., published ahead of print on 5 February 2009, doi:10.1128/AEM.02285-08)。胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白在海洋动物体内广泛分布且含量丰富,并且难被化学和生物降解,推测是海洋有机氮的重要组成部分,因此, Deseasin MCP-01和Myroilysin可能在深海沉积物中PON和DON的降解过程中发挥重要的作用,上述研究结果为最终阐明PON和DON的降解过程与机理提供了重要的证据。
深海(除热液口外)终年低温,微生物胞外蛋白酶对低温的适应尤为重要。适冷酶兼有低温下高的催化活性和高温下低的热稳定性双重性质特点,但适冷酶活性-柔性-稳定性三者之间的关系,到目前并不完全清楚。张玉忠课题组解彬彬等人,以M4家族的新型适冷金属蛋白酶MCP-02和E495为研究对象,并与来源于陆地细菌M4家族的中温酶金属蛋白酶Pseudolysin比较。研究结果表明,适冷酶的蛋白质柔性和稳定性是由相关的但并不相同的结构因素决定,降低稳定性并非提高柔性的前提。稳定性主要取决于静态结构中键(主要包括氢键和盐键等)的(平均)数目,键数目越多,稳定性越高;而柔性则与这些键的动态持续性(键的稳定性)相关,键的动态持续性越低,柔性则越高。该课题组首次提出了优化氢键动态是酶的一项适冷策略,这是蛋白质适冷进化研究的一个新发现。这对于更深入理解酶的活性-柔性-稳定性三者之间的关系,以及蛋白质结构与功能之间的关系具有重要意义。
该项目组的研究工作得到了国家863计划项目、国家自然科学基金和中国大洋协会国际海底区域研究开发项目的资助。
推荐原始出处:
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,doi:10.1128/AEM.02285-08,Xiu-Lan Chen,Yu-Zhong Zhang
Myroilysin, a Novel Bacterial M12 Metalloprotease with Elastinolytic Activity and Synergistic Role with Collagenase in Collagen Hydrolysis by Swelling Collagen: Implication for Its Ecological Function in Biodegradation of Deep-Sea High-Molecular-Weight Organic Nitrogen
Xiu-Lan Chen, Bin-Bin Xie, Fei Bian, Guo-Yan Zhao, Hui-Lin Zhao, Hai-Lun He, Bai-Cheng Zhou, and Yu-Zhong Zhang*
State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
Nearly all high-molecular-weight (HMW) dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and part of the particulate organic nitrogen (PON) in deep sea are present in hydrolysis-resistant amides, and to date, their biodegradation mechanisms have yet to be resolved. M12 is the second large family in subclan MA(M) of Zn-containing metalloproteases, including most members from animals and only one (flavastacin) reported from a human pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Here, we characterized a novel M12 protease myroilysin with elastinolytic activity and collagen-swelling ability from newly described deep-sea bacterium Myroides profundi D25. Myroilysin is a monomer enzyme with 205 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 22936 Da. It has the same conserved residues at the four zinc ligands as astacin and very low identity (40%) to other metalloproteases, indicating that it is a novel metalloprotease belonging to subfamily M12A. Myroilysin had broad specificity and much higher elastinolytic activity than the bacterial elastinase pseudolysin. It is the first reported elastase in M12, to our knowledge. Although it displayed very low activity to collagen, myroilysin had strong collagen-swelling ability and played synergistic role with collagenase in collagen hydrolysis. It can be speculated that myroilysin synergistically interacts with other enzymes in its in situ biotic assemblage and that it may play an important role in the degradation of deep-sea HMW organic nitrogen.