12月28日，国际著名期刊《美国国家科学院院刊》在线发表中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所陈化兰研究员带领的动物流感基础与防控研究创新团队的一项新研究，研究表示欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒已获得感染人的能力，是引起下次人流感大流行可能性最大的病毒，应予以高度重视。

猪是流感病毒的重要宿主。猪群中主要流行两种H1N1流感病毒，分别为经典H1N1猪流感病毒和类禽H1N1猪流感病毒。经典H1N1猪流感病毒1918年进入猪群，通过长期进化重组，于2009年在北美进入人群并引发全球人流感大流行，被称为甲型h1n1流感。类禽H1N1流感病毒1979年在欧洲由禽类传入猪群，随后在欧洲和亚洲很多国家的猪群中流行，在欧洲和中国都有人感染发病的报告，其中在中国有一个死亡病例。

2010年以来，该团队对猪流感进行了系统监测，从3.6万多头猪中分离出228株流感病毒，其中139株是类禽H1N1猪流感病毒，说明类禽H1N1猪流感病毒在中国的猪群中广泛存在。

该团队对这些病毒进行系统的遗传学和生物学研究发现，类禽H1N1猪流感病毒在遗传学上形成多样性，所有病毒都已获得感染人的能力，大多数病毒具备了在人群中高效传播的能力，而目前使用的人流感疫苗和人群现有免疫力不能针对这些病毒为人体提供足够保护。 从动物实验结果看，类禽H1N1猪流感病毒的致病力与引发2009年全球流感大暴发的甲型H1N1流感病毒类似。

陈化兰表示，通过对动物中的主要流感病毒H1N1、H3N2、H5N1、H7N9、H9N2及类禽H1N1猪流感病毒进行科学分析和综合比较，他们认为，“类禽H1N1猪流感病毒是引起下次人流感大流行可能性最大的病毒，应予以高度重视。

原文摘要：Pigs are important intermediate hosts for generating novel influenza viruses. The Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EAH1N1) swine influenza viruses (SIVs) have circulated in pigs since 1979, and human cases associated with EAH1N1 SIVs have been reported in several countries. However, the BioLogic properties of EAH1N1 SIVs are largely unknown. Here, we performed extensive influenza surveillance in pigs in China and isolated 228 influenza viruses from 36,417 pigs. We found that 139 of the 228 strains from pigs in 10 provinces in China belong to the EAH1N1 lineage. These viruses formed five genotypes, with two distinct antigenic groups, represented by A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011 and A/swine/Guangdong/104/2013, both of which are antigenically and genetically distinct from the current human H1N1 viruses. Importantly, the EAH1N1 SIVs preferentially bound to human-type receptors, and 9 of the 10 tested viruses transmitted in ferrets by respiratory droplet. We found that 3.6% of children (≤10 y old), 0% of adults, and 13.4% of elderly adults (≥60 y old) had neutralization antibodies (titers ≥40 in children and ≥80 in adults) against the EAH1N1 A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011 virus, but none of them had such neutralization antibodies against the EAH1N1 A/swine/Guangdong/104/2013 virus. Our study shows the potential of EAH1N1 SIVs to transmit efficiently in humans and suggests that immediate action is needed to prevent the efficient transmission of EAH1N1 SIVs to humans.