领导这一研究的是中科院动物研究所段恩奎研究员,段恩奎博士现任中国科学院动物研究所计划生育与生殖生物学重点实验室研究员、博士生导师、中国科学院动物研究所党委书记、副所长、973“人类生育调节及其相关重要疾病的基础研究”项目首席科学家。主要研究方向是胚胎植入分子机理和干细胞生物学研究。
妊娠失败给育龄妇女的家庭和身心健康都带来严重伤害,最近文献统计,妊娠失败在全球育龄妇女中的比例高达25-40%,已成为当今一个全球性的医学-社会问题。近年来基础和临床医学的研究发现:多数妊娠失败病人的病因都起源于胚胎植入时期的异常,流行病学的研究也发现妊娠早期母体紧张焦虑与后续妊娠中出现的流产或妊娠综合症密切相关。然而,母体在妊娠早期的紧张如何影响胚胎植入并导致后续妊娠流产的原因还不得而知。
由于哺乳动物的子宫受到交感神经的广泛支配,段恩奎领导的研究团队认为:妊娠早期母体紧张导致的交感兴奋可能会迅速直接作用于子宫的肾上腺素受体,从而改变正常的子宫-胚胎相互作用。
研究人员以小鼠为模型,通过研究发现,如果早期妊娠小鼠在胚胎植入前一过性地激活β2肾上腺素受体可严重破坏胚泡在子宫内的正常分布。在此情况下,胚胎植入虽然能够按时发生,但由于植入位置的不正确,妊娠中期出现大量胚胎流产或发育不良,最终导致小鼠产仔量显著降低。体内外功能研究表明:这种一过性的β2肾上腺素受体激活对子宫内的胚胎并无明显不良影响,却严重破坏了该时期子宫的正常收缩,进而导致进入子宫的胚胎不能被运输到正确的位置植入。进一步的研究发现,β2肾上腺素受体激动导致子宫收缩抑制是通过下游cAMP-PKA信号通路所介导,并且和之前发现的另一个胚胎植入重要分子LPA3的特异下调有关。以上结果揭示,胚胎植入前子宫正常收缩介导的宫内胚胎正确定位对胚胎的后续发育具有深远的影响,错误的胚胎植入位置会导致一系列连锁反应,引起妊娠失败或妊娠疾病。
在人类妊娠中,宫内胚胎正确定位(子宫体的底部)的过程与小鼠有类似的机制,均受子宫正常收缩的严格调控,如果植入位置异常将会导致流产或妊娠综合症(例如胎盘前置)。母体在早孕时期的机体/心理紧张引起的交感兴奋可能是导致子宫收缩异常及胚胎定位错误的一个原因。
由于该研究还发现,在小鼠中这种β2肾上腺素受体异常激活导致的妊娠不良影响能够通过敲除β肾上腺素受体或给予β2肾上腺素受体拮抗剂进行有效的挽救,故提示肾上腺素类药物在调控植入前子宫的不正常收缩中具有潜在的临床应用前景。
原文摘要:
Transient β2-Adrenoceptor Activation Confers Pregnancy Loss by Disrupting Embryo Spacing at Implantation
Pregnancy loss is a serious social and medical issue, with one important cause associated with aberrant embryo implantation during early pregnancy. However, whether and how the process of embryo implantation is affected by environmental factors such as stress-induced sympathetic activation remained elusive. Here we report an unexpected, transient effect of β2-adrenoreceptor (β2-AR) activation (day 4 postcoitus) in disrupting embryo spacing at implantation, leading to substantially increased midterm pregnancy loss. The abnormal embryo spacing could be prevented by pretreatment of β2-AR antagonist or genetic ablation of β-AR. Similar β2-AR activation at day 5 postcoitus, when implantation sites have been established, did not affect embryo spacing or pregnancy outcome, indicating that the adverse effect of β2-AR activation is limited to the preimplantation period before embryo attachment. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the transient β2-AR activation abolished normal preimplantation uterine contractility without adversely affecting blastocyst quality. The contractility inhibition is mediated by activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway and accompanied by specific down-regulation of lpa3, a gene previously found to be critical for uterine contraction and embryo spacing. These results indicated that normal uterine contraction-mediated correct intrauterine embryo distribution is crucial for successful ongoing pregnancy. Abnormal β2-AR activation at early pregnancy provided a molecular clue in explaining how maternal stress at early stages could adversely affect the pregnancy outcome.