即使最让人恐怖的食肉恐龙也曾有自己的童年。
如今,科学家在蒙古发现了霸王龙(Tyrannosaurs rex)的一个最不成熟的亲戚——一只近乎完好的2到3岁(相当于人类的7到8岁)的恐龙化石。
根据5月9日发表在《古脊椎动物学期刊》上的一篇论文,这具生活在7000万年前的白垩纪的恐龙化石属于特暴龙(Tarbosaurus bataar),这是暴龙家族中的一种庞大的食肉恐龙,其从头至尾的长度相当于一幢4层高的楼房。
经过详尽的解剖分析,日本东京市自然与科学国家博物馆的TAKANOBU TSUIHIJI与蒙古和美国的同事认为,这只幼小的恐龙——其体型与成人相仿——尚不能像它的父母那样碾碎骨骼,或是运用下颚强劲的咬合力与切向力。
因此,与那些并未与其同行且以其他大型恐龙为食的成年个体不同,幼小的特暴龙很可能会捕食小型的爬行动物。
研究人员指出,在动物王国中,一个幼年个体与一个成年个体之间在饮食上的差异如此之大确实非常罕见,并且在恐龙的世界中也是史无前例的。
研究人员表示,如果古生物学家对于特暴龙的了解尚不及现在的多,那么他们很可能将这一幼年个体划归为另一个物种。
霸王龙又名暴龙,是一种大型的肉食性恐龙,身长约13米,体重约7吨,生存于白垩纪末期。目前大量的化石材料使得科学家有足够的资料研究暴龙生理的各个层面,包括生长模式与生物力学,有些研究人员也发现了软组织与蛋白质。但霸王龙的食性、生理机能以及移动速度,仍在争论当中。
原文出处:
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2011.557116
Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen of Tarbosaurus bataar (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) from the Nemegt Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Bugin Tsav, Mongolia
Takanobu Tsuihiji;Mahito Watabe;Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar;Takehisa Tsubamoto;Rinchen Barsbold;Shigeru Suzuki;Andrew H. Lee;Ryan C. Ridgely;Yasuhiro Kawahara;Lawrence M. Witmer
A juvenile skull of the tyrannosaurid Tarbosaurus bataar found in the Bugin Tsav locality in the Mongolian Gobi Desert is described. With a total length of 290 mm, the present specimen represents one of the smallest skulls known for this species. Not surprisingly, it shows various characteristics common to juvenile tyrannosaurids, such as the rostral margin of the maxillary fenestra not reaching that of the external antorbital fenestra and the postorbital lacking the cornual process. The nasal bears a small lacrimal process, which disappears in adults. Lacking some of the morphological characteristics that are adapted for bearing great feeding forces in adult individuals, this juvenile specimen suggests that T. bataar would have changed its dietary niches during ontogeny. The numbers of alveoli in the maxilla (13) and dentary (14 and 15) are the same as those in adults, suggesting that they do not change ontogenetically in T. bataar and thus are not consistent with the hypothesis that the numbers of alveoli decreases ontogenetically in tyrannosaurids.