来自中科院上海生命科学研究院生化与细胞所,广州生物医药与健康研究院等处的研究人员发表了题为“Rapamycin and other longevity-promoting compounds enhance the generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells”的文章,发现Rapamycin等抗衰老药物可以提高小鼠细胞重编程的效率,这说明生物体寿命的调节和细胞重编程过程的调控之间可能有着功能上的紧密联系,这一研究成果公布在国际著名期刊《衰老细胞》(Aging Cell)上,这一研究课题获得国家科技部973项目、国家自然科学基金委以及中国科学院干细胞先导专项的经费资助。
领导这一研究的是中科院裴钢研究员,裴钢研究组近年来在iPS细胞研究方面获得了一些重要的成果,主要集中在iPS细胞诱导效率方面,之前他们曾发文,发现小分子化合物通过E-cadherin蛋白能加速重编程过程,为提高iPS细胞诱导效率提供了一种新策略。裴钢研究员为中国科学院院士、第三世界科学院院士,曾先后获得过求是科技基金会“杰出青年学者奖”、何梁何利科技进步奖、国家自然科学二等奖、上海市自然科学一等奖。
生物体的衰老(aging)是一个非常复杂的过程。随着年龄的增长,生物体内各种分子、细胞、组织以及器官的损伤会不断的积累,从而逐渐丧失功能,并最终导致疾病和死亡。近年来,延缓衰老以及延长人类的健康寿命(healthy lifespan)成为了生物学研究的热点。包括mTOR以及IIS 信号通路在内的一些细胞信号通路已经被证明与生物体的寿命调节有着密切的联系。生化与细胞所裴钢课题组最近的一项研究表明,生物体寿命的调节和细胞重编程过程的调控之间可能有着功能上的紧密联系。
Rapamycin是一种临床使用的免疫抑制剂,并通过抑制mTOR信号通路而调节细胞的存活,增殖,以及迁移等。在包括小鼠、果蝇、线虫等在内的多种模式生物上,rapamycin已被证明能够显著延长生物体的寿命。
在最近的研究中,裴钢研究组发现,在小鼠细胞重编程的早期给以rapamycin或另一mTOR信号通路的抑制剂pp242处理都能显著提高重编程的效率。同时,另一与生物体寿命密切相关的通路IIS信号通路的抑制剂PQ401 也同时具有提高细胞重编程效率和延长果蝇寿命这两种作用。进一步的研究发现,包括sirtuin蛋白的激动剂resveratrol, 以及autophagy的激活剂spermidine在内的多种抗衰老药物都可以有效提高细胞重编程的效率。这些研究结果表明细胞重编程的调节和生物体寿命的调控之间共享一些信号通路,从而提供了一种从细胞重编程的角度研究生物体寿命调节的新方法。通过解析体内细胞重编程的过程,科学家有可能最终获得抵御衰老永葆青春的方法。
原文出处:
Aging Cell DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00722.x
Rapamycin and other longevity‐promoting compounds enhance the generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells
Chen, Taotao; Shen, Li; Yu, Jie; Wan, Hongjiang; Guo, Ao; Chen, Jiekai; Long, Yuan; Zhao, Jian; Pei, Gang
Keywords:longevity;drosophila;rapamycin;induced pluripotent stem cellsSummaryReprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state was first accomplished using retroviral vectors for transient expression of pluripotency‐associated transcription factors. This seminal work was followed by numerous studies reporting alternative (noninsertional) reprogramming methods and various conditions to improve the efficiency of reprogramming. These studies have contributed little to an understanding of global mechanisms underlying reprogramming efficiency. Here we report that inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by rapamycin or PP242 enhances the efficiency of reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Inhibition of the insulin/IGF‐1 signaling pathway, which like mTOR is involved in control of longevity, also enhances reprogramming efficiency. In addition, the small molecules used to inhibit these pathways also significantly improved longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. We further tested the potential effects of six other longevity‐promoting compounds on iPSC induction, including two sirtuin activators (resveratrol and fisetin), an autophagy inducer (spermidine), a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase) inhibitor (LY294002), an antioxidant (curcumin), and an activating adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activator (metformin). With the exception of metformin, all of these chemicals promoted somatic cell reprogramming, though to different extents. Our results show that the controllers of somatic cell reprogramming and organismal lifespan share some common regulatory pathways, which suggests a new approach for studying aging and longevity based on the regulation of cellular reprogramming.