（注：图中红色小点为肌肉卫星细胞）

肌肉卫星细胞是骨骼肌中位于肌细胞膜和基膜之间的具有增殖分化潜力的肌源性细胞。它们在一般情况下是处于静息状态的,当被激活后,具有增殖分化、融合成肌管、再形成肌细胞的能力。在那里它们通过形成与肌肉纤维融合的先驱细胞来对损伤做出反应。有研究报告说，它们能充当干细胞，但卫星细胞群的混合性质意味着，它们的干细胞身份难以证明。

最新一期Nature刊登由美国斯坦福大学医学院的Sacco等人的研究结果：研究小组通过利用克隆分析证实卫星细胞的确是干细胞、能够自我更新，从而澄清了相关问题。他们将一个表达荧光素酶的卫星细胞移植进了小鼠的肌肉中，发现它能够大量增殖，有助于肌肉纤维的形成，而且可以被再次移植。因此断定肌肉卫星细胞也是一种干细胞。

生物谷推荐原始出处：

Nature 456, 502-506 (27 November 2008) | doi:10.1038/nature07384

Self-renewal and expansion of single transplanted muscle stem cells

Alessandra Sacco1,2, Regis Doyonnas1,2, Peggy Kraft1, Stefan Vitorovic1 & Helen M. Blau1

1 Baxter Laboratory in Genetic Pharmacology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5175, USA
2 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Adult muscle satellite cells have a principal role in postnatal skeletal muscle growth and regeneration1. Satellite cells reside as quiescent cells underneath the basal lamina that surrounds muscle fibres2 and respond to damage by giving rise to transient amplifying cells (progenitors) and myoblasts that fuse with myofibres. Recent experiments showed that, in contrast to cultured myoblasts, satellite cells freshly isolated3, 4, 5 or satellite cells derived from the transplantation of one intact myofibre6 contribute robustly to muscle repair. However, because satellite cells are known to be heterogeneous4, 6, 7, clonal analysis is required to demonstrate stem cell function. Here we show that when a single luciferase-expressing muscle stem cell is transplanted into the muscle of mice it is capable of extensive proliferation, contributes to muscle fibres, and Pax7+luciferase+ mononucleated cells can be readily re-isolated, providing evidence of muscle stem cell self-renewal. In addition, we show using in vivo bioluminescence imaging that the dynamics of muscle stem cell behaviour during muscle repair can be followed in a manner not possible using traditional retrospective histological analyses. By imaging luciferase activity, real-time quantitative and kinetic analyses show that donor-derived muscle stem cells proliferate and engraft rapidly after injection until homeostasis is reached. On injury, donor-derived mononucleated cells generate massive waves of cell proliferation. Together, these results show that the progeny of a single luciferase-expressing muscle stem cell can both self-renew and differentiate after transplantation in mice, providing new evidence at the clonal level that self-renewal is an autonomous property of a single adult muscle stem cell.